By my definition, in order for any Reality Model or TOE theory to be successful it has to explain several paradoxes. One of the paradoxes that must be explained is the EPR paradox. This paradox was the most challenging of all the mysteries that I have attempted to explain. For the people who do not know of the EPR Paradox I will give a brief history of EPR followed by the solution to the Paradox

In the world of Physics, the EPR paradox (which stands for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) is a thought experiment which in time turned into an actual experiment that was designed to prove that Quantum Theory violates classical intuitions and is therefore fundamentally flawed and incomplete.

The EPR paradox draws on a phenomenon predicted by quantum mechanics, known as quantum entanglement, to show that measurements performed on spatially separated parts of a quantum system can apparently have an instantaneous influence on one another. This effect is now known as "nonlocal behavior" (or colloquially as "quantum weirdness").

This is a most disturbing fact. To state it more precisely, if you emit from the same light source twin photons, photon A and photon B and these particles are phase correlated (means twin like) and you let them travel away from each other and separate by a great distance something amazing will happen. If you in some way observe and change some attribute of particle A and then measure particle B you will find that particle B has been affected by the change in Photon A. Particle B has changed instantaneously even though it is separated by a great distance. Some how, the particles are interconnected even though they are physically separated by a great distance. This definitely violates Einsteinian Relativity, information cannot be transferred faster than the speed of light. How can information be transferred between any two objects at a speed greater than the speed of light?

Although nowadays this little detail does not really seem to bother Quantum Mechanics enthusiasts it has not been physically explained. The results of EPR experiments are accurately predicted by Quantum Mechanical computations but how it happens has not been explained.

This on the surface seems to support Quantum Mechanics. Most physicists today regard the EPR Paradox as an illustration of how Quantum Mechanics violates classical intuitions, and not as an indication that Quantum Mechanics is fundamentally flawed. Thats just a fancy way of saying that, yeah this phenomena makes no sense but thats ok with us.

We have to stop settling for this laid back approach to solving the problems. The fact remains that this phenomena is completely unexplained.

It needs to be understood and if quantum mechanics cannot explain it, it means that the theory is not a theory that describes physical reality. It is in some way incomplete. I believe that all quantum mechanics really is, is a tool that can be used to statistically predict sub-atomic particle behavior and events. It in no way should be used to describe physical reality.

I will now attempt to define and explain precisely what is happening. Since changing Particle A instantaneously effects and changes particle B our physical reality must be adhering to the principle of locality. I know what you are thinking right now. We have two very distant objects and they are having an effect on one another therefore this is nonlocality.

In reality although the particles are separated by a great distance spatially speaking I can prove in some respects the particles are not separated at all. So, therefore the photons are in reality a local system. Therefore the philosophical concept of causality is also enforce here and is not violated. Using the formulas in Relativity it can be proven that the particles are never separated. This solves the instantaneous communication problem.

The problem we are having is that we are thinking 3 dimensionally when trying to solve this problem. We must think of this problem as a 4 dimensional problem. If photon A is traveling away from photon B at the speed of light and vice versa then we need to use Special Relativity's Addition of Velocities to compute their relative speed to each other.

If you work out the math you will find that the photons are of course moving away from each other at the speed of light. This is important do not forget this.

Any object traveling at this speed according to the Special Theory of Relativity should have an infinite mass and be infinitely small. While this does not seem to be the case with photons as they appear to have very little to no mass at all. Also time passage for objects traveling at the speed of light should be zero. The photon appears to have 2 out of 3 things going for it. Basically what is happening is that the photon has some of the characteristics of a ultra miniature Black Hole.

If photon A looks at Photons B clock it will have stopped running. Also if Photon B looks at Photon's A clock it will not be moving as well. According to the equations of Special Relativity the photons should be locked in a single moment that lasts for an eternity.

Although the equations of Special Relativity the Lorentz Transformations do not apply to the microscopic world of sub-atomic particles the equations of special relativity imply that photons should be locked in a single moment that lasts for an eternity. (See the Time Dilation effect.) Since each photon is traveling at the speed of light as so far as the rest of the Universe is concerned time has stopped for each of the photons, relative to any observer and relative to each other. Since there is no progress of time the value for time goes to zero. If the value of time=0, for both of the photons then by the equation Distance=Rate*Time. The distance separating the photons mathematically speaking goes to zero. 0=299,792,458*0 Yet, spatially speaking they are separated by millions of miles.

The interconnectedness suggested by Bell's Theorem now has some form. This is required so that superluminal communication can take place. It can now be argued that the phase correlated twin photons in EPR can be considered not to be separated in time and therefore logically in some way not be separated in distance.

The next point to be made is about the mass of the photon. Current thinking is that the photons mass is very small or perhaps massless. Once again though the Special Relativity equations state that mass increases to infinity when accelerated to the speed of light. The mass of the photon may also be much greater than we think. We can detect very little mass here in our immense macro world.

We are not sure how small the photon really is if we take the present value of a blue photon with a Wavelength of 450nm we will have 2.76 ev of Energy and a calculated mass of 4.9201463754957630510059303811417e-36 Grams. The question I have is at what distance away from the center of the photon is the measurement being made. By the Inverse Square law F=1/r2 the main forces of Gravity Electrostatic an Magnetic all weaken as the field moves away from the center. If we move toward the center the field will increase in strength. How small is a photon? Its center and actual size could be for example 1.412 e-250 meters. The gravitational force at that distance will be immense. Since a photon is traveling at the speed of light the Lorentz contraction formula implies the size of the photon should be at zero or very close to zero.

So if we use the inverse of the distance square law and begin calculating for new values as we get closer to the origin of the photon we will discover that the value for the mass will go up dramatically. Once again, this suggests that the photon is really and ultra small singularity. If this is true then we have established a method through which phase correlated photons can communicate instantaneously, via a wormhole.

To summarize, we have particles that are phase correlated which means that any change to one will have a strong effect on the other. All matter in the Universe according to TSR is immersed in the solid construct of space. The photons have a direct link to each other via time and gravitational force. Any changes that occur with regard to spin polarization etc., are channeled through the wormhole like interconnection.

They are essentially ultra small interconnected singularities. All matter and energy share this feature. The entire Universe is interconnected in this way. (Please see the article on Cosmology and SR Theory on this website for more information about this topic.) Therefore any change in orientation of photon A will be immediately applied to photon B. This will happen via a wormhole like interconnection within the medium of the solid spatial ether. The degree of effect that changing photon A has on Photon B is 100%. This is so because they are phase correlated. In SR Theory all matter and energy are connected in the Universe but the degree of the effect they have on each other is miniscule with non-phase correlated matter.

At this point in the discussion locality and non-locality should be discussed. If you are unfamiliar with the term locality and what it means I will provide a brief simple definition.

For more information I suggest reading about Bell's Theorem and check out this link for definitions of Locality. Basically, locality in physics means that force applied to an object that directly touches that object has an immediate effect on the object. For example a cue stick striking a cue ball is an example of direct cause and effect.

On the other hand non-locality means that by some un-known mechanism an action on a object at one location immediately has an effect on another object at a far distant remote location. It should be noted that this phenomena can only be noticed for phase correlated sub atomic objects such as in the previous example of the twin photons. I believe that in actuality when speaking about the sub-atomic realm all particle interactions possess only local behavior.

Subatomic behavior appears to be non local only because of our lack of understanding. Everything is connected.

In summation when speaking about sub-atomic particle interactions, reality, especially where EPR is concerned, the superluminal interaction is mitigated by an interaction that is composed of a Local component (time is zero, because of the Lorentz addition of velocities transformation: therefore distance is zero gravitationally speaking via the wormhole superluminal interconnection). Even though their representational geometries are spatially separated by great distances an action at location A can immediately effect an object at a great distance away at Location B.

This logical argument if true means that the mathematics of both Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are insufficient to explain this phenomenon. Recognizing this I therefore ask the world at large for help in solving the riddle. This theory is a logical and physical Reality Model and therefore includes only a small amount of mathematics necessary to prove the theory. If you have understood what you have read in this article and have the interest and the proper background. You can become a co-author by contributing to this theory by placing the proper set of equations necessary to describe the above stated phenomena. This is one of several Requests for Equations that appear on this website. If you have knowledge of the needed equations please go to the contacts page and leave your contact information you will be contacted by email confirming your submission. Contacts Page

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