Super Relativity - Theory

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In this article I will describe the physical structure of a photon using SR Theory. If you have not read the article on "What is Space?" I recommend reading that first before reading this article. In Classical Theory the photon is considered the quantum of the electromagnetic field. Basically, Electromagnetic fields are made up of large numbers of photons. This of course means that electromagnetic interaction is mediated by the exchange of photons. SR Theory does not disagree with any of those statements.

Also the photon is one of the elementary particles and its interactions with electrons and atomic nuclei account for a great many features of matter. SR theory goes beyond the current limited knowledge of what a photon is. It physically describes what it is and why it behaves as it does.

In many circumstances, a photon acts as a classical particle, for instance when registered by the light-sensitive device in a camera. In other circumstances, a photon acts like a classical wave, as when passing through the optics in a camera.

According to the so-called wave-particle duality of quantum physics, it is natural for the photon to display either aspect of its nature, according to the circumstances. Some say a photon, "sometimes acts like a wave and sometimes acts like a particle". This is slightly misleading, because a photon always acts like both. For example, when shooting single photons through a slit, a detector can detect each photon when it hits—but over time, the detector will detect the same diffraction pattern as it would if the photons were given off all in one burst.

SR Theory explains all the properties of the photon. The properties of the photon are:

The key to understanding the Universe is by asking the right questions. The right questions in the instance of the photon are:

In order to get the answer to those questions I chose the technique of an analytical troubleshooter.

The technique is fairly simple you take one question at a time and then, you drill down into the topic even further by asking additional questions. The next step is to perform research and lastly brainstorm to form a reasonable theory that explains the observable phenomena. For example, "What is the Photon made of ?" The first question that comes to mind is what do I have to choose from in so far as materials that could be used to construct a photon. Current theories describe the photon as a massless and chargeless point in space. It is a fundamental particle meaning it does not break down into something smaller. So far conventional theory says nothing about what the photon is made of. It has no charge and no mass yet it does have energy. Hmm, this is a bit of a contradiction if it has energy it must have mass according to E=MC2. So either Einstein's famous equation is incorrect or our current description of the photon is flawed.

Since using current theories of Quantum Mechanics ordinary Relativity and String Theory offer no explanation for what a photon is made up of. I turned to SR Theory for a possible explanation.

SR Theory says that there is only one thing that exists in the Universe and everything is made up of this physical material. Space is the one thing, the only material object there is. Therefore a Photon must be made up of Spatial material. If in fact the Photon is made of space then it is safe to assume all the various particles are also made up of space as well. In order for particles to be able to be distinguished from ordinary space they have to be physically different in some way. A particle, therefore is defined as any region of space that has been geometrically distorted in a mechanical way.

Because space is a finite but unbounded structure the particles cannot unravel and return to an undistorted or as I like to describe it an unconfigured state. I am sure by now you are asking yourself what do I mean by configured space. In order for particles to exist and be recognizable as a distinct entity within space they must be distorting space mechanically.

There are 4 different ways to distort space mechanically. See drawings Below:

The image in Figure 1 shows 3 of the dimensions needed for gravity to exist and be able to manifest in our Universe. Dimensions in SR Theory are defined as ways that space can be stretched. There is one dimension assigned for each axis of movement. For example in Figure 1 there are three axis of movement (3 ways to stretch or contract space)

1. On the X axis (back and forth)

2. On the Y axis (up and down)

3. On the Z axis (to and fro - Diagonally)

Stretching or contracting space in this way allows for spherical geometries to exist. See Figure 1, this is what is required for gravity to manifest itself in the Universe.

There is still another dimension needed to allow electrostatic fields to occur. This mechanical distortion is what drives the matter and energy phenomena in our Universe.

In figures 2 and 3 the most important property of matter / energy is revealed. This most important property is the physical twisting / spatial inversion. In figure 2 a simple 2 dimensional view from the side shows a slice of space that is twisted. This should help you visualize what is actually happening. In Figure 3 a direct head on view of what space looks like when there is an inversion. This is the only way that can create a situation in which electrostatic charge can manifest itself in our Universe. If you think about it, this is the way it has to be. It makes perfect sense. Without the spatial inversion (the 4 th Dimension) we have a Universe that has only 3 dimensional particles that exhibit a force of attraction only. The Universe would have never been born from the Big Bang if there was Gravity only. If a Universe could expand it would most certainly collapse in a hurry. We need charge, the Coulomb force so that there is a force of attraction and repulsion.

The Coulomb force also provides a mechanism by which particles can establish more complicated structures such as atoms and molecules. It also forms the basis for fundamental force mediating particles such as the Photon. We have to have attraction and repulsion so that atomic and subatomic particles do not collapse into one big clump. The spatial inversion also endows particles with another important attribute. It gives them motion. Not just ordinary motion, but places the particles in a state of perpetual motion. Photons and Electrons never stand still. They never stop. They may slow down when they enter a different medium such as air or water but they do not stop. Quite simply, the reason is this; any region of space that is twisted will be pulled forward because of the negatively charged inverted region and pushed forward because of the positively charged region.

Fortunately for us and our Universe space is a finite but unbounded system. Therefore there is no edge of space no end where the twisted region can be released. So charged particles like the photon travel through space forever seeking a region where they can unwind and be restored to an unconfigured state. The Coulomb force is necessary so that atomic structures can form and also be allowed to transform states when energy is either added or subtracted from an atom or molecule. All the complex particle interactions occur because of the Coulomb force and its counterpart the Magnetic Field. The Coulomb force makes it possible for more complicated atomic structures to form bistable multivibrator like oscillatory states. This is the basic universal construct to form all matter.

The internal structure of the Photon is twofold.

1. The internal core of the photon is a collapsed region of space. It may be collapsed to such an extent that it may even qualify as an ultra miniature Black Hole. This is what gives it its mass. I know you are thinking that scientists say that Photons are massless. So this cannot be correct. The answer to how a particle can appear not to have mass but still possess mass will be answered by SR Theory in the second part of the explanation located below.

2. Surrounding the gravitational core of the Photon is an overshield as I like to call it. This outer layer is where the space has been twisted which as you should know by now is what creates the electrostatic component of the particle. The electrostatic field completely envelopes the gravitational component. See image on the next page.

The center object is the gravitational core. The outer green and magenta area is the electrostatic region. The green is the negative pole and the magenta is the positive pole. The grid illustrates the spatial inversion.

Because of this configuration the gravitational component is for the most part isolated from the external environment and prevented from reacting too strongly gravitationally speaking with other matter. The spatial twist (or Over Shield), stretches space dampening the interaction between the gravitational internal core and space. In SR theory there is a prediction that says that there will be a transformational equation that describes space's finite ability to support force. Space has a finite amount of force potential capability stored within it. An example of space's limitation is the phenomenon known as the Black Hole or Singularity. This is a region of space that is one-dimensional, having only one property, in this case gravity. When mass concentration reaches a certain density space collapses and a Singularity is born. This is the key. If space can become one dimensional in the gravitational sense why can't it also have a finite limit for the other two properties.

For example if we continued twisting space using either a magnetic or electrostatic field SR Theory predicts that space would at some point lose its ability to express itself gravitationally. In other words in the region of the intense magnetic or electrostatic field gravity would be greatly diminished. (Please be sure to see other related articles that discuss Space and Matter and Energy on this website for more information about the transformation equation describing spaces ability to manifest force.)

It is this phenomenon that explains why a photon appears to be massless at times. It is because the intense electromagnetic field cloaks or suppresses the gravitational component of the photon.

Even though the gravitational component is cloaked there are still instances in which the photon exhibits mass like properties. For example when a photon and another particle collide they sometimes deflect just like billiard balls. That is a pretty good trick for a massless object.

This example of how a photon is constructed is basically the way all particles work. The degree of spatial twisting and spatial collapse gives the particle the unique properties that it exhibits.

SR Theory states that because the spatial twisting cloaks the gravitational component of particles the values that we have for them are incorrect and that we cannot achieve the correct values until we discover the Spatial Force Transformation Equation.

The way to find this equation is to use the Kaluza-Klien technique while using four spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension. The fourth dimension that was used originally was a curled dimension. This was an incorrect deformation. The subtle difference led to an error mathematically speaking.

If we reformulate using the concept of a twisted, spatially inverted space, instead of curled space the mathematics will then be correct. If we do this we will find the Spatial Transformation Equation and also discover the complete set of formulas necessary for Unification.

The final theory that Unifies the true forces of nature will be the special version of Relativity, called Super Relativity. This concludes the article on "What is a Photon?". Please be sure to read other related articles on this site such as "What are Matter and Energy?", and "The Spatial Properties and Unification Via Special Relativity".